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What Do We Do? Meta-analyses of observational studies have shown that elevated blood pressure BP and hypertension are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease CVDend-stage renal disease, subclinical atherosclerosis, and all-cause mortality. A person's risk of hypertension is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, such as being overweight or obese; diet; alcohol intake; and fitness level.
In adults with hypertension, do various antihypertensive drug classes differ in their comparative benefits and harms? In adults with hypertension, does initiating treatment with antihypertensive pharmacologic monotherapy vs. Estimates of the prevalence of hypertension are greatly influenced by the choice of cutoffs used to categorize elevated BP and hypertension, the methods used to establish the diagnosis, and the population studied.
The prevalence of hypertension among U. To prevent and treat hypertension, BP should first be categorized as normal less than mm Hg systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolicelevated to mm Hg systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolicstage 1 hypertension to mm Hg systolic or 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolicor stage 2 hypertension at least mm Hg systolic or at least 90 mm Hg diastolic. Patients whose systolic and diastolic BPs are in different categories should be assigned to the higher category i. Although BP measurement in the office setting is relatively easy, errors are common and can result in a misleading estimation of a patient's true BP.
Accurate measurement and recording are essential to categorize BP, ascertain BP-related CVD risk, and guide management of hypertension. Most systematic errors in BP measurement can be avoided by having the patient sit quietly for five minutes before a reading is taken, supporting the limb used to measure BP, ensuring the BP cuff is at heart level, using the correct cuff size, and deflating the cuff slowly. Because individual BP measurements tend to vary, a single reading is inadequate for clinical decision making.
Using the average of two or three measurements taken on two or more separate occasions will minimize random error and provide a more accurate basis for estimation of BP.
Out-of-office BP measurement in conjunction with telehealth counseling or clinical interventions is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and for titration of BP-lowering medication.
The risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in persons with masked hypertension is similar to that in those with sustained hypertension, and about twice as high as in persons with normal BP. Some studies have identified a small increase in the risk of CVD complications and all-cause mortality in patients with white coat hypertension.
Physicians caring for patients with high BP should focus on overall patient health, with an emphasis on reducing the risk of future adverse CVD outcomes. All patient risk factors should be managed in an integrated fashion with a comprehensive set of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies.
Weight loss is recommended to reduce BP in adults who are overweight or obese. A heart-healthy diet and increased physical activity through a structured exercise program are recommended. Sodium intake should be reduced, and potassium should be supplemented unless contraindicated. Alcoholic drinks should be limited to two per day for men, or one per day for women.
The use of BP-lowering medications is recommended for secondary prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with clinical CVD and an average BP of mm Hg or greater systolic or 80 mm Hg or greater diastolic.
First-line agents include thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. The dosage should be titrated and additional agents added sequentially to achieve the BP target. Target BPs for adults with hypertension and comorbid conditions are shown in Table 1.High blood pressure also referred to as HBP, or hypertension is when your blood pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high.
If you're monitoring your own blood pressure at home it's important to know the correct process. This is especially important when your doctor has recommended that you regularly monitor your blood pressure. Facing heart disease or stroke or caring for someone who is? Get encouragement and offer guidance during challenging times. Visit our Support Network. High Blood Pressure.
The Facts About High Blood Pressure High blood pressure also referred to as HBP, or hypertension is when your blood pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high.
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I'm working to manage high blood pressure Prioritizing your health is worth it! If you were diagnosed a while ago and haven't quite reached your blood pressure goals, we can help you try again. Let's do this. It's natural to feel a bit overwhelmed by your diagnosis. But hats off to you for taking charge! We can help you get started. You and your doctor can chart a path for your success.
Hypertension Explained Clearly - Causes, Diagnosis, Medications, Treatment, PathophysiologyI'm in. Being here is a big step, good for you! Lots of people are unsure about their blood pressure. We'll help you figure out the basics. Check it out. High five for teaming up with someone to help them with their high blood pressure. Bonus: these tips can help you be healthier too!
We'll do it together. Learn the correct way to check your blood pressure. Register today for free. Learn more about Bayer Consumer Health.To measure your blood pressure, a specialist places an inflatable cuff around your arm and measures your blood pressure using a pressure-measuring gauge.
A blood pressure reading, as shown in the blood pressure monitor in the image, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats systolic pressure in the first number, and the pressure in your arteries between heartbeats diastolic pressure in the second number. Your doctor will ask questions about your medical history and do a physical examination.
The doctor, nurse or other medical assistant will place an inflatable arm cuff around your arm and measure your blood pressure using a pressure-measuring gauge. Your blood pressure generally should be measured in both arms to determine if there is a difference. It's important to use an appropriate-sized arm cuff.
Both numbers in a blood pressure reading are important. But after age 50, the systolic reading is even more important. Isolated systolic hypertension is a condition in which the diastolic pressure is normal less than 80 mm Hg but systolic pressure is high greater than or equal to mm Hg.
This is a common type of high blood pressure among people older than Because blood pressure normally varies during the day and may increase during a doctor visit white coat hypertensionyour doctor will likely take several blood pressure readings at three or more separate appointments before diagnosing you with high blood pressure.
Your doctor may ask you to record your blood pressure at home to provide additional information and confirm if you have high blood pressure.
High Blood Pressure: ACC/AHA Releases Updated Guideline
Home monitoring is an important way to confirm if you have high blood pressure, to check if your blood pressure treatment is working or to diagnose worsening high blood pressure. Home blood pressure monitors are widely available and inexpensive, and you don't need a prescription to buy one. Home blood pressure monitoring isn't a substitute for visits to your doctor, and home blood pressure monitors may have some limitations. Make sure to use a validated device, and check that the cuff fits.
Bring the monitor with you to your doctor's office to check its accuracy once a year. Talk to your doctor about how to start checking your blood pressure at home. Devices that measure your blood pressure at your wrist or finger aren't recommended by the American Heart Association because they can provide less reliable results.
If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend tests to confirm the diagnosis and check for underlying conditions that can cause hypertension. Changing your lifestyle can help control and manage high blood pressure.What do your blood pressure numbers mean?
Understanding your results is key to controlling high blood pressure. Note: A diagnosis of high blood pressure must be confirmed with a medical professional. We can win the battle against heart disease and stroke — but only with your help. Give a gift that saves lives. Blood pressure categories The five blood pressure ranges as recognized by the American Heart Association are:.
If your results fall into this category, stick with heart-healthy habits like following a balanced diet and getting regular exercise. Elevated blood pressure is when readings consistently range from systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic. People with elevated blood pressure are likely to develop high blood pressure unless steps are taken to control the condition.
Hypertension Stage 1 is when blood pressure consistently ranges from systolic or mm Hg diastolic. At this stage of high blood pressure, doctors are likely to prescribe lifestyle changes and may consider adding blood pressure medication based on your risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVDsuch as heart attack or stroke. At this stage of high blood pressure, doctors are likely to prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and lifestyle changes.
This stage of high blood pressure requires medical attention. If your readings are still unusually high, contact your doctor immediately. You could be experiencing a hypertensive crisis. Call Typically, more attention is given to systolic blood pressure the first number as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease for people over In most people, systolic blood pressure rises steadily with age due to the increasing stiffness of large arteries, long-term buildup of plaque and an increased incidence of cardiac and vascular disease.
However, either an elevated systolic or an elevated diastolic blood pressure reading may be used to make a diagnosis of high blood pressure. According to recent studies, the risk of death from ischemic heart disease and stroke doubles with every 20 mm Hg systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic increase among people from age 40 to The abbreviation mm Hg means millimeters of mercury.
Mercury was used in the first accurate pressure gauges and is still used in medicine today as the standard unit of measurement for pressure. While both are indications of health, blood pressure and heart rate pulse are two separate measurements. Learn more about the difference between blood pressure and heart rate. Great job!
Your blood pressure is normal. However, your numbers fall within the Elevated category, making you more likely to develop high blood pressure unless you take action to control it.Based on your numbers, you may be diagnosed with one of several stages of high blood pressure — and your treatment strategy will vary depending on your stage. The first or top number in a blood pressure reading is the systolic pressure, a measurement of the pressure inside your arteries when your heart beats.
The second or bottom number is the diastolic pressure and indicates the pressure between beats, when your heart is resting. Are you doing everything you can to manage your heart condition?
Find out with our interactive checkup. Each hypertension stage as determined in by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JNC7a team of experts assembled by the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute is based on an average of two or more seated blood pressure readings completed in two or more office visits. The JNC7 condensed the previous three hypertension stages into two and created a broader hypertension stage — identified now as hypertension stage 2.
The recommendations seriously consider borderline elevations of blood pressure. For adults over the age of 50, research findings show, the risks of developing cardiovascular disease doubles for every 20 points systolic pressure goes up and for every 10 points diastolic pressure goes up. According to the JNC7 recommendations, only The remainder fall into the following categories:. This hypertension stage is defined as a systolic blood pressure between and or a diastolic pressure between 80 and It is meant to identify adults who are at high risk for developing hypertension.
If you have prehypertension, your doctor will advise you to begin lifestyle modifications to bring your blood pressure down to the normal range. Blood pressure medication isn't usually recommended unless the patient has diabetes or kidney disease and recommended lifestyle changes are not working. Lifestyle changes may include losing weight, eating a low-fat, low-sodium dietexercising daily, limiting alcoholic intake, and not smoking.
If your systolic blood pressure is between and or your diastolic pressure is between 90 and 99, you are considered to be in hypertension stage 1. Your doctor will recommend the same lifestyle changes mentioned above, but you will also probably need to take medication. The JNC 7 report recommends that the first medication to use is a thiazide-type diuretic. A diuretic is a medication that lowers blood pressure by helping your body get rid of extra fluid and sodium.
The Stages of Hypertension
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Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
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